B細(xì)胞刺激分子BAFF (B細(xì)胞激活因子，也稱為BLyS；TALL-1；CD257或TNFSF13B)和APRIL(一種增殖誘導(dǎo)配體，也稱為CD256或TNFSF13)，是維持B細(xì)胞庫和體液免疫穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵蛋白。BAFF和APRIL與幾種涉及自身反應(yīng)性B細(xì)胞的人類自身免疫性疾病有關(guān)，包括系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(SLE) 、Sjo?gren's綜合征(SS) 、IgA腎病(IgAN) 和類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)。APRIL還可能在增強一些腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖中起作用，尤其是B細(xì)胞惡性腫瘤。BAFF水平在一些淋巴癌中也會增加。

APRIL是一種分泌蛋白，可與跨膜激活因子和CAML相互作用因子(TACI)、B細(xì)胞成熟抗原(BCMA)和硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖(HSPG)結(jié)合。APRIL可以與蛋白聚糖的碳水化合物側(cè)鏈相互作用，從而引發(fā)交聯(lián)。BAFF是一種跨膜蛋白，被Furin水解加工后以可溶性細(xì)胞因子釋放。可溶性BAFF以三聚體(BAFF 3-mer)或20個三聚體的有序集合(BAFF 60-mer)存在。BAFF 3-mer和BAFF 60-mer都通過BAFF-R參與信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)，只有TACI和BCMA對BAFF 60-mer有反應(yīng)，而對BAFF 3-mer沒有反應(yīng)。在APRIL也觀察到類似的反應(yīng)，APRIL需要交聯(lián)以激活TACI。

APRIL通過在后期發(fā)揮作用調(diào)節(jié)抗原刺激過的B細(xì)胞的功能和存活率來維持B細(xì)胞的體內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)。BAFF是外周B細(xì)胞和IL-6漿細(xì)胞分化的關(guān)鍵存活因子。APRIL以及BAFF刺激類別轉(zhuǎn)換重組(CSR)，因此有助于形成體液效應(yīng)機制。關(guān)于體液免疫，APRIL參與骨髓(BM)中長壽命漿細(xì)胞(LLPC)庫的建立和存活。除了在B細(xì)胞生物學(xué)中的主要作用外，BAFF還協(xié)同刺激活化的T細(xì)胞。

APRIL可由多種髓源性細(xì)胞表達(dá)，包括骨髓粒細(xì)胞、巨核細(xì)胞、嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞、破骨細(xì)胞以及暴露于IFN-α、IFN-γ或CD40L后的樹突狀細(xì)胞。在骨髓造血過程中會誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)APRIL。APRIL的表達(dá)并不局限于骨髓來源的細(xì)胞，還可以在腸、扁桃體、乳腺和皮膚的上皮細(xì)胞中表達(dá)。APRIL在腫瘤細(xì)胞系和結(jié)腸、甲狀腺和淋巴來源的癌細(xì)胞中也表達(dá)。BAFF主要由天然免疫細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生，如中性粒細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞、樹突狀細(xì)胞、濾泡樹突細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞、活化的B細(xì)胞及一些惡性B細(xì)胞等，非淋巴細(xì)胞如星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞、滑膜細(xì)胞和上皮細(xì)胞也可產(chǎn)生BAFF。

APRIL通過與硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖2 (HSPG2)的硫酸乙酰肝素鏈結(jié)合，限制低密度脂蛋白的保留、巨噬細(xì)胞的積聚和壞死核心的形成，從而為動脈粥樣硬化提供保護(hù)。結(jié)合HSPGs的特定形式的人APRIL(稱為非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)APRIL)的血清水平與動脈粥樣硬化患者的長期心血管死亡率相關(guān)。

Adipogen可為自身免疫疾病研究提供最-全-面最獨-特的APRIL/BAFF相關(guān)產(chǎn)品

● APRIL (human) ELISA Kit——The BEST on the Market

Adipogen的人增殖誘導(dǎo)配體(APRIL) ELISA Kit (產(chǎn)品貨號AG-45B-0012)是一種夾心法ELISA試劑盒，可用于定量檢測人血清、血漿和細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清中APRIL的濃度。

圖1.Serum from a healthy patient is left untreated or treated with 1µg/ml of the APRIL receptor, TACI (human):Fc (human) (Prod. No. AG-40B-0079). APRIL levels were measured using the APRIL (human) ELISA Kit (Prod. No. AG-45B-0012).

● BAFF, Soluble (human) ELISA Kit (hypersensitive)——The RELIABLE Assay

Adipogen的人B細(xì)胞激活因子(BAFF) ELISA Kit (產(chǎn)品貨號AG-45B-0001)是一種夾心法ELISA試劑盒，可用于定量檢測人血清、血漿和細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清中BAFF的濃度。該ELISA試劑盒不與小鼠BAFF交叉反應(yīng)，因其高特異性和高靈敏度，已被多個CRO公司選擇。

圖2. Serum from a healthy patient or patient with multiple sclerosis is left untreated or treated with 0.5 μg/ml of a BAFF receptor, TACI (human):Fc (human) (AG-40B-0079). BAFF levels are measured using the BAFF, Soluble (human) ELISA Kit (hypersensitive) (AG-45B-0001).

● anti-BAFF (mouse), mAb (blocking) (Sandy-2)——UNIQUE & POTENT

該抗體是識別小鼠BAFF的單克隆抗體，可用于IP和功能性實驗。該抗體抑制小鼠BAFF與BAFF-R和TACI的結(jié)合，它在體內(nèi)能高效地阻斷小鼠BAFF，誘導(dǎo)B細(xì)胞耗竭，并產(chǎn)生與BAFF-/-小鼠中相似的表型。該抗體提供含防腐劑或不含防腐劑的形式可供選擇。

圖3. anti-BAFF (mouse), mAb (Sandy-2) blocks the action of endogenous BAFF in vivo. Method: Wild type C57BL/6 mice were treated at day 0 (single administration) with monoclonal antibody anti-BAFF (mouse), mAb (Sandy-2) (at 2mg/kg). Lymph nodes were prepared at week 2 and analyzed by FACS for the presence of T (CD3) and B (CD19) cells. Untreated BAFF WT and KO mice were analyzed in parallel.

產(chǎn)品詳情：

● anti-APRIL (mouse), mAb (rec.) (blocking) (Apry-1-1) ——UNIQUE & POTENT

該抗體是一種重組單克隆抗體，能識別小鼠APRIL并適用于IP和功能性實驗。該抗體能抑制小鼠APRIL與BCMA和TACI的結(jié)合。它在體外和體內(nèi)可有效阻斷小鼠APRIL。此外，它促進(jìn)APRIL與HSPGs的結(jié)合，并賦予動脈粥樣硬化保護(hù)作用。該抗體提供含防腐劑或不含防腐劑的形式可供選擇。

圖4. Binding of APRIL (mouse) to BCMA is inhibited by anti-APRIL (mouse), mAb (rec.) (blocking) (APRY-1-1) . Method: BCMA:Fc was coated on an ELISA plate at 1μg/ml. anti-APRIL (mouse) mAb (rec.) (blocking) (APRY-1-1) or an unrelated mAb (recombinant) (Negative control) were added (starting at 50μg/ml with a twofold serial dilution) together with 0.1μg/ml of MultimericAPRIL (mouse). After incubation for 1h at RT, the MultimericAPRIL (mouse) binding was detected using an anti-FLAG® antibody (HRP). The percentage of binding is shown.

● anti-APRIL (mouse), mAb (blocking) (Centotto-1) (preservative free) ——NEW & UNIQUE 

Adipogen最新推出的不含防腐劑的anti-APRIL (mouse), mAb (blocking) (Centotto-1)，該抗體是一種可識別小鼠APRIL并適用于IP和功能性應(yīng)用的單克隆抗體。該抗體在體內(nèi)耗竭小鼠APRIL。

產(chǎn)品詳情

Adipogen還可提供一系列高活性蛋白產(chǎn)品

BAFF and APRIL研究相關(guān)抗體產(chǎn)品

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